The term affirmative action is used to designate policies that allocate resources and opportunities to beneficiaries who belong to social groups that are underrepresented in a number of institutions or branches of human activity. Ethnicity, race, gender, religion, and caste are the most commonly employed group categories in such policies. The resources and opportunities distributed by affirmative action include political participation, access to education, admission to institutions of higher education, health services, employment, business opportunities, material goods, social protection networks, and cultural and historical recognition.
For more background information, see Wikipedia, or the American Association for Access, Equity and Diversity.
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