At approximately 1 km resolution LandScan is the finest resolution global population distribution data available and represents an ambient population (average over 24 hours).
Dates: 2000-2022

Demographic, consumer, and business data. Available on computers #2 and #3 in the GIS & Data lab (7-238).
Smallest Geography: block group
Dates: 2011-

Harmonized Current Population Survey March files.
Smallest Geography: County
Dates: 1962-

Geographic and demographic data.
Smallest Geography: school attendance boundary
Dates: 2005-
Format: Mapping tool or downloadable data tables.

A database of 286 socio-economic indicators on a wide range of subjects, including demography, education, employment, health, housing, earnings and ancestry covering the Boston metropolitan area.
Smallest Geography: census tract
Dates: 2009-2016
Format: .xlsx